Why Do We Study Stem Cells - 1127 Words

In 1978 stem cells were discovered in human cord blood and in1997 stem cells were used to clone a lamb (Murnaghan,2016). Why do we want to study stem cells? Why is it important to medicine? Stem cells are non-specialized cells that have the ability to transform into the different kinds of specialized cells in the body. These stem cells can be either a muscle cell, blood cell, or brain cell. Stem cells ability to transform into any one of these cells provides the body with a repair system in which the stem cell can replace a dead cell as long as the patient is still alive. According to the National Marrow Donor Program, stem cell therapy in the form of a bone marrow transplant is used for patients suffering from multiple sclerosis, leukemia, and lymphoma. Stem cells are important for patients who are suffering from diseases without a cure. The stem cell treatment allows the cells that have died to be replaced which in terms prolongs the patient’s life. Stem cell treatment is al so used in knee injuries. However, there are many complications with stem cell transplants. Although, there are many complications with stem cell transplants the good far outweighs the bad. The stem cells unique abilities allow patients to live longer and more comfortably. Speaking about the stem cells, there are different types of stem cells. There are embryonic stem cells which are grown in the lab and found in early embryos. There is also tissue stem cells (found in bone marrow) which are found inShow MoreRelatedStem Cancer Case Studies1698 Words   |  7 PagesInstead, they decided to use adult stem cells to try to open vessels towards the foot and increase the blood flow. She is now able to walk, jog, bicycle, and do countless other activities in her daily life that she wouldn’t have been able to do without this stem cell therapy. Another trial involved a 60-year-old man, who lived an active lifestyle. He had a degenerative joint disease, a 60% meniscus tear. They injected his knee twice over one year with stem cells and Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP). ToRead MoreThe Heated Debate Concerning Stem Cell Research Essay1043 Words   |  5 Pagesresearch evolves, it brings along with it much controversy, especially where stem cell research is involved. Stem cell research can bring new insight to today’s medical field. This may be the way of finding solutions concerning many health injuries and diseases which would diversely be thought of as implausible. Thoughts can be influenced by Deborah White, in Pros Cons of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, â€Å"Embryonic stem cells are thought by most scientists and researchers to hold potential cures forRead MoreThe Debate Of Embryonic Stem Cell Research1460 Words   |  6 Pages I believe that embryonic stem cell research should be allowed in the United States. From previous encounters with the topic I have learned that the many benefits that can come from stem cell research are without a doubt astounding and unimaginable. There are simply endless possibilities that can arise if the research was allowed to be conducted. From giving back vision to rebuilding tissue, any advance in stem cell research would be beneficial to the medical world. With the help that the advancesRead MoreStem Cell Research1022 Words   |  5 Pagesmarriage, and abortion. Yet one of the most controversial has to be stem cell research. A Stem Cell is a generic cell that can make exact copies of itself indefinitely. It also has the ability to make specialized cells for various tissues in the body such as the heart muscle, brain and liver. But why exactly is stem cell research so controversial? Well mostly those who oppose embryonic stem cell research do so on the grounds that the cells die in the process. But what those people might not know is thatRead More Stem Cell Research Essay1303 Words   |  6 PagesStem Cell Research In light of the continued advancement of technology and research in the medical field, there have been some groundbreaking developments that have been heralded as indications that scientific research can produce remarkable results when it is integrated with technology. Since the turn of the 20th century, major breakthroughs like the discovery of DNA and the development of anti-retroviral drugs for HIV/AIDS have been cited as the reason why scientific research especially in theRead MoreThe Ethics Of Stem Cell1482 Words   |  6 PagesEthic in Stem Cell We have an amazing items in our body called stem cells. Stem cells are cells that have the ability to transform into any type of tissue cell in the human body. After a sperm fertilizes an egg, the cell they form is known as a zygote or a totipotent cell. This cell goes through numerous mitotic divisions and after about four days forms a blastocyst. This blastocyst has an outer layer and an inner layer, part of which is hollow. The outer layer grows to form what will become theRead MoreTranformation of the Medical Industry Due to Advances in Technology861 Words   |  3 Pagesyears, medical industry has shaped and transformed due to the recent advance in technology. It affects how we live and what we fear disease wise. With the incredible technology we have now we’ve been able to gather more research about ourselves, like our DNA and cells. We’ve been able to clone, create artificial organs, re-write our traits and even predict what we might have in the cancer. We can a lso make designer drugs, and how much better the market for them can get over time. With technology advancingRead MoreStem Cells and Their Effect on Tumor Growth and Cancer Creation997 Words   |  4 PagesZoology Stem Cells and Their Effect on Tumor Growth and Cancer Creation Stem cells are a growing phenomenon in the cancer research world. Researchers are getting closer and closer to a cure, they are exploring other options to treat cancer. Stem cells are relatively new to the medical world, making their first appearance in 1956 (†Timeline for Stem Cell Research†, 1), and as with everything, there are flaws. Despite these flaws, stem cell treatment is something more people are turning to, asRead More Stem Cells: What How and Why? Essay1130 Words   |  5 Pages Stem Cells: What, How and Why? Stem cells are infinitely valuable when considering their potential applications in the medical profession. While current legislative restrictions have halted the development of new ?stem cell lines? to any agency or company that receives any form of governmental grants, there is no question that the medical profession is standing at the brink of a new era of technological advancements in healthcare and research. Stem cells are valuable due to the fact that theyRead MoreStem Cell Research : Stem Cells999 Words   |  4 PagesSTEM CELLS WORKING TO SPECIALIZE INTO CARDIAC CELLS Once the stem cells are delivered near the damaged areas of the heart, the regeneration of cardiac (heart) cells is possible. There is a lack of understanding on how or why specifically the stem cells turn into heart cells. â€Å"Recent studies indicated that the benefits associated with adult stem cell injection might come from paracrine effects, the effect of a nearby cell sending chemical and electrical signals to the stem cell, and not from myocardial

Plants and Superstitions Essay - 1739 Words

Plants and Superstitions For many years plants have played a large part in superstitions. Although, they are not so much believed now, as they used to be. They were used to help ones fortune, wealth and fertility. It is amazing that bread was ever eaten; there were so many superstitions about it. It was used to aid in all of these things and many more, It is ironic, however, that the one thing they worshipped and used to keep harm and disease away made them ill and killed some of them. When all of this happened they blamed another superstition, which was witchcraft. Almost all of the witchcraft misunderstandings were caused by Christianitys persecution of those who refused to abandon pagan beliefs (Zolar, 1995), but not in the case†¦show more content†¦Their races, religions, and social classes were all different. Those who continued to plead innocent looked forward to their trials for a fair hearing. To the more intelligent of these it was preposterous to suppose that the trials, conducted by the b est minds in Massachusetts, would proceed on the same dream-like plane as the examinations, that men and women of sound mind and good repute would be condemned on the basis of the fancies of young girls. Massachusetts as they knew it was a saner place than that (Starkey, 1949). Or so they thought, (see Internet Source; Starkey, 1949). What became known as the Salem Witch trials was the largest witch panic to occur in the United States. These trials were conducted much differently from that of any other trial before. The examinations were the trial; records were not looked at as hypotheses to be tested, but proven facts; the only new business was the testimony and the deliberations of the jury (Starkey, 1949). The governor assigned judges to do touch tests. This was done by having the accused touch the girl during one of her fits. If she stopped when they touched her, that person was labeled as guilty. Several lives were spared, simply by confessing they were witches, when theyShow MoreRelatedSuperstitions And Ghosts In The Elizabethan Era1120 Words   |  5 PagesSuperstitions and Ghosts in the Elizabethan Era During the Elizabethan Era, many strange superstitions became common around Europe. Some of these are still evident in society today. Why do people think that black cats mean bad luck? Why do people say â€Å"God bless you,† after somebody sneezes? And what does this have to do with ghosts? During the Shakespearean time period, superstitions were caused by the creation of ghost stories, provoked greatly by plays, and were blamed for misfortune. The wordRead MoreThe Many Aspects Of Medicine863 Words   |  4 Pagesthan traveling around to look for a specific doctor. Many of their practices were intertwined with superstition, religion, and herbs. Superstition was related to magic stones mixed with magical charms placed over them to protect the wearer from a specific ailment. The priests performed rites that would expel the evil spirits that plagued its hosts, and herbal remedies were combinations, different plants mixed together to produce an elixir or a poultice. Herbalism itself provided a better understandingRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart955 Words   |  4 Pagesstory of Igbo tribesman, Okonkwo, and his village during the time preceding Nigerian colonization by Europeans. Igbo society is highly patriarchal and women are devalued and disrespected, regarded as possessions. The culture is built on extreme superstition that permeates every aspect of their lives and holds them back at times. Okonkwo has misplaced values that lead him to ruin. Although history has shown that there was nothing that the Igbo people could do to stop the eventual takeover by EuropeansRead MoreEssay on Cats Do NOT Cause Bad Luck1749 Words   |  7 Pages What is superstition? According to The Little Oxford Dictionary, superstition is belief in the existence or power of the supernatural; irrational fear of the unknown; a religion or practice based on such tendencies; widely held but wrong idea. Let us examine that definition in depth. First, there is belief in the existence or power of the supernatural. This means that there is believed to be some force that can influence the events on the Earth. Second, there is irrational fear of the unknownRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Huckleberry Finn 943 Words   |  4 Pagesfigure in the novel. Jim seems to have a superstition for any occasion one could think of, but Jim is a product of his time and his beliefs provide answers to phenomenon that people could not explain. As a first impression at Miss Watson’s house, Jim’s superstitious ways come across as idiocy as he thinks that, â€Å"witches bewitched him and put him in a trance, and rode him all over the State, and then set him under the trees again†; However, the superstitions ultimately gain depth and background startingRead MoreMedieval Medicine, Illogical and Superstition Essay1746 Words   |  7 Pagescontrol over the people. The church used the beliefs of the people to control them, collecting land and taxes and making laws. The Bubonic Plague spread to Europe, the plague killed about 75 million people of world died from one single cause. Many superstitions were created cause of the Black Death, generate idea that were thought to prevent the plague but really did. Medicine was also not being studied carefully and correctly at the time. Not a lot of science was being use to conduct and create medicalRead MoreIndian Culture Restrains The Women1681 Words   |  7 Pagesscience that everyone is intrigued by. Subsequently, superstition is all around as the South Indian culture believes that their fate has already been decided for them and that they have no control over it. Since most Indians are superstitious (â€Å"Hinduism and superstitions in India†), most marriages are fixed based on horoscopes (â€Å"Common superstitions in South India†) as people believe stars and planets affect the way of life (â€Å" Common superstitions in South India†). Even discrepancies in a bride andRead MoreThe Understanding of Medicine of the Ancient Romans1364 Words   |  5 Pagestranscendental practices. Not only did the Ancient Romans base their medical practices off of their sacred religion and their scientific theories, but they also incorporated it with superstition. A man named Tacltus, who was not only a historian, but a senator of the Roman Empire, spoke of Rome as a city where superstition interpreted everything, and said that Vespasian cured a blind man with his spittle, and paralyzed a limb by treading on it. (Canadian Anesthesists Society Journal Page 2, JournalRead MoreZoology Essay1264 Words   |  6 Pagesfunctions. In Roman times Pliny the Elder compiled four volumes on zoology in his 37-volume treatise called Historia Naturalis. Although widely read during the Middle Ages, they are little more than a collection of folklore, myth, and superstition. One of the more influential figures in the history of physiology, the Greek physician Galen, dissected farm animals, monkeys, and other mammals and described many features accurately, although some were wrongly applied to the humanRead MoreFamily Roles : Sioux And Their Culture Family 1430 Words   |  6 Pagesgreeting their loved ones. The sign language used consisted of touching the other person, as a greeting, as long as they were a friend or family member, and not to a total stranger. Nutrition -Diet Preferences? †¢ The most widely grown and consumed plant food, for American Indians, was maize (corn). Dry corn was soaked in lime water to soften into dough called nixtamal, this was used to make flatten breads for meals. Maple sugar constituted 12% of the Sioux diet, it was used for seasoning bread, grains

Ford Case Study free essay sample

FORD CASE STUDY 1. Using competing values, assess why Ford is widely considered more effective than GM. How could GM have used the competing-values approach in the early 1980s to recognize that it had problems? †¢ In case of Ford motors they were earlier implementing the Rational Goal Model that lays immense emphasis of higher level of productivity, efficiency and profit. The decision-making is centralized to the higher-level authority with very less or no participation from the lower level staff in decision-making authority. But after the major drawback that hit Ford Motors by producing more and more of particular product without customizing the product they change their strategy and become more employee centered. They choose to adopt human relation model to handle their employees in the best possible way so that an organization can get flexible in dealing with change and every give respect to the employees by making them communicate and coordinate their point pf view. †¢ In case of GM, they are following decentralized authority with centralized control. Like Ford, GM had high cost and a bloated organization. They had an internal system that stifled innovation and was slow in reacting to change. Apart from that they are prisoner of their successes and that’s why Ford proved out to be more effective than GM as they change their strategy for the betterment of the organization. †¢ In early 1980s they should used a human relation model to determine whether they are flexible or not and whether are focusing on employees in terms of decision making autonomy or not. If they had recognized the problem that exists with producing small cars just through mare assumption they wouldn’t have committed that mistake. In that case the human relation model would have been a perfect fit as it would have provided the employees with motivation and the flexibility would have enable the organization to adapt to the change. 2. Contrast Ford and GM’s strategies. How has each affected their organization’s structure? †¢ Ford Motors initially were following the Defender technique, as they are not taking any sort of risk and in seeking out for new opportunities. It’s been said that Henry Ford is a man who feared change and loved control. He even opted for a centralized control and doesn’t want any involvement from the lower level staff in decision-making. †¢ But coming 1980 Ford used more of Prospector technique by changing the corporate strategy to become the styling leader among the US â€Å"Big Three†. They introduced a broad based cost cutting effort, initiate a massive program to change Ford’s culture and put emphasis on employees and give respect to them by giving them autonomy and decision making authority. GM can be categorized as Analyzers as they are low in innovation and were slow to change although they suffer tremendous drawback after their technology structure misfit but even then it takes time for them to bring in change and follow the prescribed path. They were relying too much on their past successes and believed that they can get away with anything they do, like they had in the past. 3. How did GM’s technology affect its structure? †¢ GM basically had made a big mishap by assuming the changes that will occur in the environment and because of that they suffer big time. They decided to product smaller cars and installed robots, lasers, computed designed and other high tech technologies in order to boost up the pace of the work and improve quality. They just keep on focusing on increasing the market share but failed to respond to the needs of the customers †¢ But the technologies didn’t match the structure of the organization and they found out the hard way that new technology pays off only when combined with changes in the way work is organized on the factory floor. 4. Assess both companies’ effectiveness in terms of their â€Å"environment-structure† fit. The structure of Ford Motors was very much rigid as they are using the technique of mass production. They span of control is wide with highly centralized authority. The activities being performed by the employees are repetitive and an overall perspective of the organization is bureaucratic and mechanistic †¢ The environment for Ford Motor is not that simple and they cannot survive while continuing with the same techniques so what they decided was customize the product according to the needs of the consumers and cut the layers of management to give employees autonomy in decision making. Ford in order to create an effective structure-environment mix change its strategy and began to product stylish and customized that are suited to the needs of the customers. Apart from that they introduced a broad based cost cutting system and let the employees to participate and contribute their skills for the betterment of the organization. †¢ GM structure was a bit changed from that of Ford Motors as they are following decentralized authority with centralized control. GM had divisions rather than a strict centralized authority and the divisional head have the authority to take decision for their restricted division, but the headquarters controlled the overall operations. †¢ The environment demands products that are stylish and highly customized and GM is unable to meet the needs of the dynamic environment. They are very much inclined towards increasing the market share rather than customizing their product. As the environment is dynamic so they have to make alteration that can be effective for them. To maintain a environment-structure fit GM focus more on producing stylish and differentiating cars rather than focusing on increasing the market share. Plans were being made to close at least four of its twenty-six North American auto assemble plants and slosh about 100000 jobs in order to be effective and regain the market. 5. Are there any structural factors that can help to explain why Ford made more money than GM in the late 1980s? †¢ In terms of structural factors, Ford and General Motor differ significantly from each other. Ford on one side had a rigid structure in the beginning of their venture as the decision-making is centralized and there is more or less no involvement from the lower level staff or the subordinates in the decision-making authority. †¢ But once they notice that their precedents are not paying off and are not doing them any favor they change their structure that is more suited for the employees. They primarily affect their structure by cutting layers of management and getting more employees involved in the production process and give respect and autonomy to employees. Now the structure is not adhering to strict centralized control and it’s more focused towards the participation of the employees in decision-making and brings about a change in organization through creativity and flexibility. This was the reason that made they change from mass production format to customization. †¢ Whereas on the other hand GM although have divisional format that enable the divisional ma nager to take charge of their division but they are restricted to their prescribed domain, that means decentralized authority with centralized control. Other than that resulted in heavy losses for GM was heavy vertical integration at GM whereby company subsidiaries produced two-thirds of the part that went into its cars, meant that GM couldn’t take advantage of competition among outside suppliers. Those factors lead GM to a 30%. 6. Contrast these two organizations’ approaches to managing change. †¢ In case of Ford Motors, they were following the mass production technique for producing cars in a single color. They were basically a larger batch and mass production firm that tends to produce more and more without any sort of customization. But once they realize that this sort of strategy is not paying off and their cars are considered as of low quality and nondescript, they decided to change for good. †¢ They used the broad based cost cutting effort in order to change the Ford’s culture and put immense emphasis on listening to employees by minimizing the layers in management and getting employees involved in major aspects of the organization. They basically changed the corporate strategy to become the styling leader among the U. S. s â€Å"Big Three†. †¢ In case of GM, they made a huge blunder earlier by assuming that the oil prices will rise in the near future and because of that they decided smaller cars that will be cost effective. They even used their financial resources to purchase high tech technology to step up efficiency and boost quality. †¢ But unfortunately the prices went down and so with that, the demand for smaller cars and even the new high tech factory doesn’t proved efficient as compare to the old methodology. GM pursued this strategy but couldn’t get along with the flow of the environment and the in 1987 they finally decided to change their tactics in order to bring about a change. †¢ So, no longer they are pursuing the strategy of expanding market share but are more focused towards product stylish and differentiated cars, and beginning to restructure the company so as to be able to produce fewer cars more efficiently. 7. Contrast GM and Ford’s cultures in 1978 and 1988. What might GM has done in 1980 to reshape its culture and make it better fit its environment? †¢ Ford’s Culture: TYPE1 †¢ In 1978 Ford Motor had a clearly defined hierarchy with the decision making authority was pretty much with the upper level management and with almost zero participation from the lower level management in decision making. Henry Form at that point of time believed in mass production of a similar product without customizing it as he feared innovation and loved control. †¢ As compare to 1978 culture, 1988 culture was relatively different as it was more of employee-centered culture. During that phase employees were given respect and formal authority of decision-making. Innovation was preferred and management took active action in increasing the commitment and participation of the employees. †¢ In 1979 Ford Motors would have cut down the layers in management and increased horizontal coordinating between employees to get the best result. They should have given employees the discretion to some extent in order to bring creativity and suitable change in the organization. †¢ GM’s Culture: †¢ It was more or like the same in the initial stages but a bit more flexible than Ford Motors. They have traditional bound culture that stifled innovation and were very slow to change. They were basically prisoners of past successes. They were following decentralized authority with centralized control. The culture being followed at GM resisted any change and give the indication that, we had problem in past and we overcome those and we will do the same if we encounter any sort of problem in the future. †¢ In 1988 GM much like Ford even they began to innovate and choose the right mix for their organization. They were not carrying the precedents any more and were changing according to the requirement of the environment. Now the culture is much more flexible as they are not rigid anymore and were customizing according to the need of the need of the customers rather then focusing on raising the market share. †¢ In 1980 they would have done proper analysis before opting for producing small car assuming that fuel price would increase in the coming future. Apart from that they should have opted for such technology that would have best suited to the structure of the organization. TYPE2 Ford Motor had a clearly defined hierarchy with the decision making authority was pretty much with the upper level management and with almost zero participation from the lower level management in decision making. As compare to 1978 culture, 1988 culture was relatively different as it was more of employee-centered culture. During that phase employees were given respect and formal authority of decision-making . Innovation was preferred and management took active action in increasing the commitment and participation of the employees. GM was more or like the same in the initial stages but a bit more flexible than Ford Motors. They have traditional bound culture that stifled innovation and were very slow to change. They were basically prisoners of past successes. They were following decentralized authority with centralized control. The culture being followed at GM resisted any change and give the indication that, we had problem in past and we overcome those and we will do the same if we encounter any sort of problem in the future. In 1988 GM much like Ford even they began to innovate and choose the right mix for their organization. They were not carrying the precedents any more and were changing according to the requirement of the environment. Now the culture is much more flexible as they are not rigid anymore and were customizing according to the need of the need of the customers rather then focusing on raising the market share. In 1980 they would have done proper analysis before opting for producing small car assuming that fuel price would increase in the coming future. Apart from that they should have opted for such technology that would have best suited to the structure of the organization.

Military Forces and Politics of Iran

Introduction Military forces in third world countries have taken a central role in political systems of these countries. The military forces are active in both the political process and political discourse in their countries.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Military Forces and Politics of Iran specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In Middle East in general and Iran in particular military forces are playing a pivotal role in the control of both political and state machinery and are critical in shaping the political events of Iran (Iranian Research 1). Military forces and politics in Iran The genesis of the role of politics in Iran was in the establishment of the Pahlavi dynasty which was realized through military coup organized by Reza Shah in 1921 and the second monarch followed suit by relying on military forces to maintain the continuity of his regime. The reliance of Iran in military power is due to the challe nges it faces from the west due to its stand on nuclear power and public demand for both economic and political reforms (Iran politics 1). The formulation of Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC) guidance rules in the 1980 which was dubbed â€Å"obligation of the guards† stated that the IRGC was to liaise and cooperate with the government on both security and military matters which was to include the arrest of all counterrevolutionary movements and also to disarm unauthorized persons. This already made the IRGC a politico-military organization with the responsibility to tackle domestic opposition. The Iranian forces underwent transformation following the disagreement among its members after the collapse of the Pahlavi monarchy. TAdvertising Looking for term paper on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More hese events gave birth to the creation of a new military force in 1979 known as the Islamic Revoluti onary Guards Corps (IRGC) which first developed as a parallel institution to the already existing military force but aimed at protecting the Islamic Republic (Iranian Research 1). In the performance of their domestic functions, the IGRC are linked with regular and other internal security forces and it is in this line that have made them controversial in their service since they are used to oppress and suppress or quell any street unrest. The inherent factor that links the military forces and the politics of Iran is that those who occupy positions in the military hierarchy are appointed by the president and their loyalty is to the serving president and government of the day (Iranian Research 1). This is evident in the current political situation where President Mohammed Ahmedinajad’s nine appointees are from the IRGC who are war veterans from the Iraq-Iran war of 1988. He has also appointed 30 governors from the ORGC ranks. This is a clear testimony of how militarized Iranian politics and government is. There are several centers of power in Iran which revolve around the political, economic and military figures. The military sphere which is dominantly the IRGC has developed as one of the prominent center of power and dominate over the other centers of power. The strength of the IRGC was evidenced following the military threats by the United States of America and also the frequent confrontation between the west and Iran which the IRGC has managed to thwart. In the contemporary times, the power of the IRGC has tremendously grown politically, it for example controls all the state sponsored media. They also took part in the 2004 legislative elections and managed to win in several towns and cities. They had also organized to control the executive branch of government in the 2005 presidential elections. The leadership of the military has been interlinked with the leadership of the regime and their responsibility in this sense is to intervene politically when th e need arises.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Military Forces and Politics of Iran specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The revolutionary of the IRGC has also expanded their influence into the economic sphere of life by endearing itself to control major financial and economic investments in the country. They did this by justifying that it was meant to finance the activities of the IRGC (Green et al. 1). This militarization of the Iranian politics has raised a lot of criticisms from the reformists of the anti-establishment. This is because the IRGC is in favor of the current order and will try all they can to ensure there are no anti-government protests or even voices. It is argued that the excessive militarization of politics cast doubt into the power and ability of the Iran military in international politics and external defense (Ward 1). Conclusion The military forces of Iran have encountered numerous challe nges that might render them unable not only to protect the country externally but also in performing the role of preserving the ideologies of the regime. One of these problems is the division of the military into the regular and IRGC which has created mistrust and suspicion, the unrest that has rocked the Islamic republic is largely linked to the latent tension between the military ranks and also the political leadership. This has the potential of driving the country towards the path of instability. Also the excessive militarization of politics of the Islamic Republic of Iran may be a threat to the politics of the country since there is a history of the military turning against the government by leading coups which is always a feature praetorian political system. Works Cited Green et al. Understanding Iran, Rand Corporation monograph series Volume 771 of MG (Rand Corporation). New York: Rand Corporation, 2009. Print.Advertising Looking for term paper on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Iranian politics. The Militarization of Iranian politics. IAA, 2009. Web. Retrieved from http://www.aei.org/ Iranian Research. Iranian Analysis. Journal of Iranian research and analysis, 1999. Web. Ward, Ross. Immortal: a military history of Iran and its armed forces. New York: Prentice Hall, 2009. Print. This term paper on Military Forces and Politics of Iran was written and submitted by user Virginia H. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Internet Legislation Essays - Media Technology, Pornography Law

Internet Legislation Essays - Media Technology, Pornography Law Internet Legislation subject = LAW title = Internet Legislation Internet Legislation With the recent popularity of the Internet many topics concerning it have hit main street media. One of these topics is legislation to control its certain aspects. Legislation is now one of the feuded discussions when it comes to the Internet, and through my report I hope to shed some light on this topic of conterversy. The Internet by definition is an international web of interconnected government, education, and business computer networksin essence, a network of networks. A person at a computer terminal or personal computer with the proper software communicates across the Internet by placing data in an Internet Protocol (IP) packetan electronic envelopeand "addressing" the packet to a particular destination on the Internet. Communications software on the intervening networks between the source and destination networks. And these collections of networks linking millions of servers (computers) together, where in essence one computer can access info from another. The Internet was first formed in the lats 60's by the military as a form of communication incase of nuclear attack. Just recently in 1984 is when it was first opened to the everyday consumer as a form of communication. After a few years of mild aknowledgement of its assistance, From a thousand or so networks in the mid- 1980s, the Internet h as grown to an estimated 30,000 connected networks in 1994 with about 25 million people having access to it. it all of a sudden boomed with popularity with networks expanding at an exponential rate. And with the networks came multi billionaire business such as American Online. Along with information the Internet has links to other more unmoral forms of entertainment, on of these is pornography, "porn" of the past few years has taken up more than one half of the web pages on the Internet (about 4 out of 10 web pages are porn) a number which has caused much dismay with users and nonusers alike. Those who support porn on the Internet say its with in there rights and everybody should have access to it. But parents are afraid that the Internet carries a large number of minor users who with almost no Internet experience can access porn. Only Legislation that currently exsists is We start with the federal Communications Decency Act of 1996, a controversial piece of legislation signed into law by President Clinton on February 8, 1996, and now under legal challenge by the American Civil Liberties Union and others. The Communications Decency Act bans the communication of "obscene or indecent" material via the Internet to anyone under 18 years of age. (Telecommunications Act of 1996, Section 502, 47 U.S.C. Section 223[a].) Probably the most conterversial of topics on legislation, is the right of free speech on the Internet, currently the Internet has no laws preventing anything said on the Internet. But supporters of the bill say that the Internet should follow the same guidelines concerning speech as the public television does (in part because of the large number of young children on the net) Opposes of the Internet legislation it is within there freedom of speech to say what ever they wish. Currently there are many bills that are being voted on to carry out a ban on free speech. If this bill is passed all servers will have a program embedded in there speech prossers that when ever a word against the law is written it will come out something like this ("*%^$#) Hate pages is probably the next topic that surrounds conterversy many cults and hate organizations such as the KKK or the Neo Nazis have set up pages on the Internet spreading what many say are lies in hopes of recruiting new members. Hate pages are springing up at an alarming 30,000 a year. Tough there is no legislation banning this many servers including Geo cities Netscape, Ichat, have banned these pages. Current legislation that is on the net is few. There are the basic laws that limit all communication uses but other than that there's not much else. There are laws against the display of minors in pornography, hacking in all its forms are banned, the sale of narcotics and or weapons are also banned thought the Internet, and the rest

The Best College Essay Length How Long Should It Be

The Best College Essay Length How Long Should It Be SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Figuring out your college essay can be one of the most difficult parts of applying to college. Even once you’ve the prompt and picked a topic, you might wonder: if you write too much or too little, will you blow your chance of admission? How long should a college essay be? Whether you’re a terse writer or a loquacious one, we can advise you on college essay length. In this guide, we'll cover what the standard college essay length is, how much word limits matter, and what to do if you aren't sure how long a specific essay should be. How Long Is a College Essay? Check the Word Limit You might be used to turning in your writing assignments on a page-limit basis. (For example, a 10-page paper). While some colleges provide page limits for their college essays, most use a word limit instead. This makes sure there’s a standard length for all the essays that a college receives, regardless of formatting or font. In the simplest terms, your college essay should be pretty close to, but not exceeding, the word limit in length. Think within 50 words as the lower bound, with the word limit as the upper bound. So for a 500-word limit essay, try to get to somewhere between 450-500 words. If they give you a range, stay within that range. College essay prompts usually provide the word limit right in the prompt or in the instructions. For example, the University of Illinois says: â€Å"Explain your interest in the major you selected and describe how you have recently explored or developed this interest inside and/or outside the classroom. You may also explain how this major relates to your future career goals. If you're applying to the Division of General Studies, explain your academic interests and strengths or your future career goals. You may include any majors or areas of study you're currently considering. Limit your response to 300 to 400 words.† See, it’s right in the prompt- they even gave you a word range to stay within! The shortest word limits for college essays are usually around 250 words (less than half a single-spaced page). Rarely will you see a word limit higher than around 600 words (over one single-spaced page). College essays are usually pretty short: between 200 and 650 words. Admissions officers have to read a lot of them, after all! Weigh your words carefully, because they are limited! How Flexible Is the Word Limit? But how flexible is the word limit? What if your poignant anecdote is just 10 words too long- or 100 too short? Can I Go Over the Word Limit? If you are attaching a document and you need one or two extra words, you can probably get away with exceeding the word limit a teeny tiny bitty amount. Some colleges will actually tell you that exceeding the word limit by 1-2 words is fine. However, I advise against exceeding the word limit unless it’s explicitly allowed for a few reasons: First, you might not be able to. If you have to copy-paste it into a text box, your essay might get cut off and you’ll have to trim down anyways. If you exceed the word limit in a noticeable way, the admissions counselor may just stop reading your essay past that point. This is not good for you. Following directions is actually a very important part of the college application process. You need to follow directions to get your letters of recommendation, upload your essays, send supplemental materials, get your test scores sent, and so on and so forth. So it’s just a good general rule to follow whatever instructions you’ve been given by the institution. Better safe than sorry! Can I Go Under the Word Limit? If you can truly get your point across well beneath the word limit, it’s probably fine. Brevity is not necessarily a bad thing in writing just so long as you are clear, cogent, and communicate what you want to. However, most college essays have pretty tight word limits anyways. So if you’re writing 300 words for an essay with a 500-word essayask yourself: is there anything more you could say to elaborate on or support your points? Consult with a parent, friend, or teacher on where you could elaborate with more detail or expand your points. Also, if the college gives you a word range, you absolutely need to at least hit the bottom end of the range. So if you get a range from the institution like 400-500 words, you need to write at least 400 words. If you write less, it will come across like you have nothing to say, which is obviously not an impression you want to give. Don't let this sinister hand stop you from writing everything you have to say! What If There Is No Word Limit? Some colleges don’t give you a word limit for one or more of your essay prompts. This can be a little stressful, but the prompts generally fall into a few categories: Writing Sample Some colleges don’t provide a hard-and-fast word limit because they want a writing sample from one of your classes. In this case, a word limit would be very limiting to you in terms of which assignments you could select from. For an example of this kind of prompt, check out essay Option B at Amherst: â€Å"Submit a graded paper from your junior or senior year that best represents your writing skills and analytical abilities. We are particularly interested in your ability to construct a tightly reasoned, persuasive argument that calls upon literary, sociological or historical evidence. You should NOT submit a laboratory report, journal entry, creative writing sample or in-class essay.† While there is usually no word limit per se, colleges sometimes provide a general page guideline for a writing samples. In the FAQ for Option B, Amherst clarifies, â€Å"There is no hard-and-fast rule for official page limit. Typically, we anticipate a paper of 4-5 pages will provide adequate length to demonstrate your analytical abilities. Somewhat longer papers can also be submitted, but in most cases should not exceed 8-10 pages.† So even though there’s no word limit, they’d like somewhere in the 4-10 pages range.High school students are not usually writingpapers that are longer than 10 pages anyways, so that isn’t verylimiting. Implicit Length Guideline Sometimes, while there’s no word (or even page) limit, there’s still an implicit length guideline. What do I mean by this? See, for example, this Wellesley supplemental essay prompt: â€Å"The required Wellesley ‘Writing Supplement,’ asks you to respond to the following topic in two well-developed paragraphs. When choosing a college community, you are choosing a place where you believe that you can live, learn, and flourish. Generations of inspiring women have thrived in the Wellesley community, and we want to know what aspects of this community inspire you to consider Wellesley. We know that there are more than 100 reasons to choose Wellesley, but the ‘Wellesley 100’ is a good place to start. Visit the Wellesley 100 (www.wellesley.edu/admission/100) and let us know, in two well-developed paragraphs, which two items most attract, inspire, or energize you and why.† There’s no page or word limit here, but it does say to respond â€Å"in two well-developed paragraphs.† This gives you an idea of what’s reasonable. â€Å"Well-developed† certainly means the paragraphs can be long, but even two long paragraphs shouldn’t exceed 500 words or so.That’s what I mean by an â€Å"implicit† word limit- there is a reasonable length you could go to within the boundaries of the prompt. But what's the proper coffee-to-paragraph ratio? Treasure Hunt There is also the classic â€Å"treasure hunt† prompt. No, it’s not a prompt about a treasure hunt. It’s a prompt where there are no length guidelines given, but if you hunt around on the rest of the website you can find length guidelines. For example, the University of Chicago provides six â€Å"Extended Essay† prompts. They are required, and you must choose one, but nowhere on the page is there any guidance about word count or page limit. However, some googling about UChicago essay prompts led me to a post about the essays on the UChicago admissions blog. That post says at the end, â€Å"We ask simply that your essay is somewhere in the realm of 500-650 words, or about 1-2 pages single or double spaced (and we’re flexible- don’t take this as license to write a 14-page tome, but know that we won’t stop reading at 651 words if you need an extra verb).† So there you go! You want to be (loosely) in the realm of 500-650 words. Help! There Really Is No Guidance on Length If you really can’t find any length guidelines anywhere on the admissions website and you’re at a loss, I advise calling the admissions office. They may not be able to give you an exact number (in fact, they probably won’t), but they will probably at least be able to tell you how long most of the essays they see are. (And keep you from writing a panicked, 20-page dissertation about your relationship with your dog). In general, 500 words or so is pretty safe for a college essay. It’s a fairly standard word limit length, in fact. (And if you’re wondering, that’s about a page and a half double-spaced.) 500 words is long enough to develop a basic idea while still getting a point across quickly- important when admissions counselors have thousands of essays to read! "See? It says 500 words right there in tiny font!" The Final Word: How Long Should a College Essay Be? The best college essay length is usually pretty straightforward: you want to be right under or at the provided word limit. If you go substantially past the word limit, you risk having your essay cut off by an online application form or having the admissions officer just not finish it. And if you’re too far under the word limit, you may not be elaborating enough. What if there is no word limit? Then how long should a college essay be?In general, around 500 words is a pretty safe approximate word amount for a college essay- it’s one of the most common word limits, after all! Here’s guidance for special cases and hunting down word limits: If it’s a writing sample of your graded academic work, the length either doesn’t matter or there should be some loose page guidelines. There also may be implicit length guidelines. For example, if a prompt says to write three paragraphs, you’ll know that writing six sentences is definitely too short, and two single-spaced pages is definitely too long. You might not be able to find length guidelines in the prompt, but you could still hunt them up elsewhere on the website. Try checking FAQs or googling your chosen school name with â€Å"admissions essay word limit.† If there really is no word limit, you can call the school to try to get some guidance. With this advice, you can be sure you’ve got the right college essay length on lockdown! Hey, writing about yourself can even be fun! What's Next? Need to ask a teacher or friend for help with your essay? See our do's and dont's to getting college essay advice. If you're lacking in essay inspiration, see our guide to brainstorming college essay ideas. And here's our guide to starting out your essay perfectly! Looking for college essay examples? See 11 places to find college essay examples and 133 essay examples with analysis! Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

A Contraversial Issue utilized by George W. Bush during his presidency Essay

A Contraversial Issue utilized by George W. Bush during his presidency - Essay Example evel of responsibility by the governments of Afghanistan and Iraq in the terror attacks of 11 September on the U.S., the actions which allegedly caused the invasions in question. First, this discussion will examine the motives postulated by the U.S. for military actions against these sovereign nations. It is the contention of this dialogue as well as the vast majority of the world and, as it now seems, the American public that these actions were patently illegal, immoral and inexcusable. The ‘War on Terrorism’ as it is commonly referred to, is phrase coined by United States government officials and is primarily used to justify the military initiative de jour. It is generally defined as the current conflict between the U.S. and radical Islamic factions. Immediately following and as a reactionary response to the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks on the U.S., President George Bush stated the county’s intent to initiate a ‘War on Terrorism’ which he characterized as a prolonged battle against those that would employ terrorist actions along with the nations that enabled them. When the U.S. invaded Afghanistan, legal advisors tied closely to the ideology of the Bush administration within the Justice Department’s Office advised Bush that the U.S. was not legally bound by the U.N. Charter or international laws with regard to rules of engaging a perceived enemy. These views were echoed by Alberto Gonzales, then White House legal advi sor for the President and now Attorney General of the U.S. He also advised President Bush that he did not have to comply with the Geneva Conventions in the handling of prisoners, or ‘detainees’ in this war on terror. This opinion, shared by legal counsels to the President, applied to not only those directly affiliated with Al Qaeda but to the entire ruling party in Afghanistan, the Taliban, because, as they argued, Afghanistan was a ‘failed state’ (Mayer, 2005, p. 32). The Bush administration chose to follow the

Women in Films in 1930s Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 2

Women in Films in 1930s - Research Paper Example All in all, women played a greater role in shaping the film industry in the early years. This is because being professionals and consumers in the field, both behind and in front of the camera, women drastically affected the American film development. Thus, the purpose of this research paper is to document how Hollywood production displayed women in the film. Under the topic, the following themes will be discussed. These are such as the representation of women in films in the early 1930s, role of women in films, portrayal of women in films in 1930s and finally, the criticism of women role in films in the 1930s. The Hollywood cinematograph often objectified women for men pleasure. As such, most of the films followed the patriarchal ideology. Hollywood representation of women was viewed as the most transgressive in the years between 1929 and 1933. Whereby, the working women were perceived as â€Å"hardboiled† as a result of their expertise in the Depression-era city. In addition to that, they were likely to choose a career and independence over marriage. In the mid 1930’s, the career women wanted both romance and a career. On the contrary, in 1939, the Hollywood women desired love more than a career and those who chose otherwise faced punishment or were derided. The cinema always portrayed the world as men dominated. In that case, the only way for women to deal with the Hollywood patriarchal system was to fight for equality. According to Mulvey (1989, p.56), the female characters in the Hollywood were represented with â€Å"to-be-looked at† and not to be heard. As such, men viewed them in two dimensions in this era. For instance, they were viewed as fetishist and whores. In that case, they were categorized into two distinct groups.

Nursing Today Essay Example for Free

Nursing Today Essay Nurses these days have positive and negative images from the general public. Negative stereotypes portray nurses as being overbearing, sexual, and incompetent. For example: Naughty Nurses, Airheaded, and Doctor’s Handmaiden. These stereotypes are portrayed in the media constantly even though nursing is a challenging respectable profession. Some of the positive images that are portrayed by the public are strong, patient advocates, dedicated, trustworthy, profession highly in demand, and highly intelligent. There are numerous actions that can be taken to actively fight the negative stereotypes. It generally starts by promoting positive images of the nursing students. This could start at the college setting or even the clinical setting where a lot of interactions will be done with the general public and strangers. I also think that if you actively educate others on the true meaning of nursing then that would also help fight negative stereotypes. This could generally be done in health career fairs, schools, colleges, and health centers where nurses are actively involved. Also establishing public image committee in the local neighborhood or city would also help. There are also popular celebrities that actively help with stereotypes. For example: Christina Aguilera as both a nurse and patient, exploited negative stereotypes of nurses. If popular celebrities can take active role in helping stop negative stereotypes for nurses then anyone can. It would definitely take a lot of hard work to stop it but eventually the word would come across. Moreover, television nurses also promote positive nursing its understood that medical dramas are meant to entertain, not serve as documentaries. Nevertheless, media-driven messages are also very powerful, influencing the culture and collective mindset. There are numerous current images of nurses in the media and challenges nurses to engage in professional and public service designed to promote a positive media and public image of nursing. In conclusion, if we actively did take a part in stopping negative stereotyping for nurses or any other profession it would benefit and bring more respect to the nursing world. It doesn’t take much to down grade a rofession but it takes a lot of hard work and time to stop the negative stereotyping. As I listed examples above to help reduce negative stereotyping all it takes is active participants to bring a change. In this time and age we often get influenced by individuals very fast and so why couldn’t we actively bring positive influence to society and help the nursing profession in general to lower negative stereotyping. Because it will greatly help our profession of nursing become more respectable in society.

Minitrucks and their effect on society Essay -- essays research papers

Mini-Trucking and its Effect on Society   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The vehicle code handbook states that any modification done to a vehicle to alter it from its original state violates the law. That single sentence has created more problems for custom vehicle owners than can be imagined. Yet, at the same time, it has generated massive amounts of money for the state of California. Modifying one’s vehicle sets it apart from others and makes a statement about the owner’s individuality. Over the past decade, hacking up a vehicle, putting a trick paint job on it, and developing an â€Å"out-of-control† sound system has evolved into a sport, not just a hobby. As with everything, though, there is always someone or something to try and put a stop to citizens just trying to enjoy them-selves. These are the police. Of course if not done properly, a weld could break or an airbag could pop and someone driving could lose control of a vehicle and hurt themselves or even kill themselves or someone else. It is the job of the police to try to regulate this sport. The state doesn’t want a bunch of lowered trucks dragging on the street, knocking off road dots, or playing their music too loud when driving through a neighborhood at 3am. But most of the time when someone is told not to do something it makes him or her want to do it even more.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Altering vehicles has been around for a very long time. There are also professionals who are in this sport to make a living. â€Å"Mi...

Impact of Illegal Drug Use Among Teens

For over one hundred years, the United States has been dealing with the use and abuse of illegal drugs. The federal government has spent billions of dollars since 1906 trying to stop the production, distribution, possession and use of drugs. The war on drugs has been long and costly with minimal progress made. Although the use of illegal drugs among teenagers has reduced, their abuse of prescription drugs has risen substantially. Drug use is a very serious problem among school age and college-age individuals and is present on every campus across this country.Even though the war on drugs is ongoing, the government’s efforts to reduce drug trafficking has had little effect on the use or abuse of illegal drugs among teenagers. Drug abuse continues to plaque our nation, causing destruction along its path, there seems to be no escape from this alarming trend. The most important challenge for drug policy is to reverse these dangerous trends. Illegal drugs are easily accessible; they are in our homes, schools, businesses and even in the jails and prisons. They affect most people in this nation in some form or another, whether abusing them themselves or knowing someone who does or has abused them.The use of drugs early among teens is especially dangerous, and often lead to unproductive, unhealthy behavior. Involvement in criminal justice system, juvenile delinquency, premature sexual activity (which exposes them to sexually transmitted diseases and increase the risk of unwanted pregnancies), are all associated with the use of illegal drugs. The staggering cost for unnecessary health care, auto accidents, crimes resulting from drug use and extra law enforcement has caused even more damage to an already failing economy.If the government is to move forward in its attempt to fight the war on drugs, it has to create effective drug policies and develop better programs to stop the onset of initial drug use. Informing today’s youth about the dangers of illegal dr ugs will prove far more beneficial than simply using scare tactics with harsher penalties. A key component in the fight to save the children from drugs is effective drug education. The Narconon drug curriculum will teach them why they should say â€Å"NO†, by helping them understand the lasting damage of drugs.In tackling the teenage drug problem, first, we have to determine what some of the risk factors are that may have led them down that path from the beginning. How a child interacts in various settings like at school, with teachers, their peers, siblings, parents and in their neighborhood can play a crucial role in their emotional, social and cognitive development. If they begin to act out in the class, fail classes, have poor social coping skills, begin to associate with the wrong crowd and change in overall perception about things they know are wrong like lying, drugs, crimes, etc.These are all red flags and should be investigated and addressed immediately. You have to try talking with them or taking them to see a professional to find out what is wrong, if possible, change their environment, place them around positive peers, get them involved in sports, church, social clubs. Do whatever it takes to prevent things from spiraling out of control, utilize all your resources. Try to let the child know you are there and that you care about what they are going through, this could make all the difference, in whether or not you reach them.If parents read, educate themselves of the dangers in using drugs, then and only then will they be able to teach their children how to getting involved in drug use. To compile enough research for a well-rounded paper sites like; the Office on National Drug Control Policy, National Institute on Drug Abuse, the Internet, ProQuest, and the Ashford Online Library were used. These sites along with others sources contained an abundance of information, enough data to create an informative paper.This research pointed out the soci al and health cost of illicit drug use, and further identified that drug-related illness, death and crime, cost the nation over one hundred billion dollars a year. The Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) reports, of the 263,871 emergency department visits by adolescents age 12-17, nearly one tenth (8. 8 percent) involved suicide attempts, almost three of every four (72. 3 percent) were females. Of the 95. 4 percent drug-related suicides pharmaceuticals were involved and more than three-fourths (77. 0 percent) ended with follow-up care (SAMHSA, 2008).The greatest cost of all drug abuse is paid in the lost of human lives, either directly through overdose, or drug abuse-related diseases such as tuberculosis, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and hepatitis. (NIDA & NIAA, 1992). It was important to conduct this research to make readers aware of just how bad society is failing the youth of this nation. The United States government cannot do it by itself. This is a national problem a nd it is going to take a nation to solve it, everyone has to help or this fight will be forever lost.After an almost ten- year decline, marijuana is on the rise again among teens. High school seniors reported that they smoked pot more than cigarettes according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse recent â€Å"Monitoring the Future† survey. While 21. 4% admitted to using marijuana in the last 30 days, only 19. 2% smoked cigarettes during the same time frame. This was the first time since 1981 that pot was used more than cigarettes in that age group. Although the public health campaigns to reduce cigarette smoking among teens consider this a victory, its decline can mainly be contributed to the rise of marijuana use.Many kids seem to feel that smoking pot is simply â€Å"not that big of a deal†, after all, it is only pot; even eighth graders do not believe the risk is that great. This type of attitude explains why there is a 1% increase of daily use for eighth graders and a 3% increase for tenth graders and is an indication that marijuana use will likely continue to climb as these kids move closer to graduation. About one out of four seniors and one in four tenth-graders said they smoked marijuana in the last year.Obama administration’s drug czar, Gil Kerlikowske, blames state medical marijuana measures like California’s Proposition 19 for making pot seem less dangerous to young Americans. â€Å"Calling marijuana ‘smoked medicine’ is absolutely incorrect, young people have taken the wrong message† (Healy, 2010, p. A-10). According to the director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse, Dr. Nora Volkow, because teenager’s brains are still developing the increased daily use of marijuana is particularly disturbing, since it has been known to cause learning and memory damage.The fact that they use marijuana more frequently puts them at a greater risk of becoming dependent on it and other drugs. The use of th e club drug Ecstasy has increased among eighth- and tenth graders but not all drugs showed an increase. The abuse of the prescription pain medication Vicodin was down to 8% compared to 9. 7% in 2009 and the illicit use of opioid painkiller OxyContin rose among tenth-graders but remained steady with twelfth- graders. The use of drugs prescribed for attention deficit disorder, (ADHD) for non- medical reasons in the last year among high school seniors is 6. % and is about the same for amphetamines use (Healy, 2010). One of the latest growing teenage trends, which centers on the sampling of a variety of prescription drugs and then drinking alcohol is causing much concern. Kids feel that prescription drugs are safer than street drugs, because they are prescribed by a doctor and are usually purchased in a drug store.This is simply not true; they actually are more powerful which makes them even more dangerous especially when adding alcohol to the mix. Nora Volkow, says, â€Å"Kids are not pharmacologists, they may say, Fentanyl OxyContin- what’s the difference? So they take a bunch of things and may combine them with alcohol, that is a deadly miscalculation† (Jetters, A, 2010-2011, p. 146). To achieve feelings of euphoria, the amount of opioid painkillers needed is so close to the amounts that can kill you. If you add alcohol or tranquilizers like Klonopin, Valium, Xanax, which also depresses the brains respiratory center. Just one gin and tonic combined with a 40 mg methadone pill can be fatal. They are playing a very dangerous game of Russian roulette, one that they clearly do not understand.When you think of drugs and how they got into the United States, most of us think about them coming from another country, like maybe Mexico or somewhere in South America. However, more now than ever we need look no further than our own medicine cabinets. The days of taking an aspirin or Tylenol for a headache, backache or toothache are long gone. We can now look i n our medicine cabinets and choose from a variety of powerful leftover painkillers previously prescribed to us for various aches and pains. For over the past twenty years, four times the number of opioid prescriptions was written.Doctors prescribed them at a rate of more than 180 million per year. By providing patients with enough medication to ease their pain, doctors believe it aids in the healing process and allows the patient to focus on getting well and not on the pain. This type of rationale may have caused doctors to over medicate, thereby prescribing painkillers for even the slightest pain. Painkillers like Vicodin, OxyContin, and Percocet are even prescribed to children that have barely reached adolescence. This may explain why they are the most abused pills among 12 and 13- year- olds (Jetters, A, 2010-2011, p. 148).Dentist and oral surgeons are prescribing opioid for simple procedures like molar extractions. In addition, the kids are being sent home with way more pills th an they need. Yes, kids feel pain just like adults however; doctors cannot simply prescribe these potent drugs and then forget how long and how many pills the kids are taking, that is a recipe for disaster. If your children are prescribed these or any medication for that matter, be sure to monitor their usage. You should count them and if there is cause for concern, take them and store them in a secure place under lock and key and dispense the correct amount to them yourself.You must be sure to properly dispose of all expired or unused medication, take every precaution when doing so. Many experts are now advising people not to flush them in the toilet because it may pollute the water. If you throw them in the trash, place them in a bag mixed with cat litter, coffee grounds or anything that will discourage your kids from looking for them. Talk to other parents and family members, especially if your child visits their homes often; advise them to safeguard their prescription drugs as w ell. Check around your community to see if there is a prescription pill- drop off point.More towns are sponsoring these sites to assist in disposal of medicines in hopes of possibly cutting back on teenage drug use. As parents, you must realize that you play a big role in how your children view prescription drugs and whether or not they will end up abusing them. Many teenagers believe that parents will be less concerned or upset if they are caught misusing prescription drugs because, after all they are legal. A clear message needs to be sent to them, letting them know that you do care if they illegally use prescription drugs just as you would if they abused any other illicit drug.It is important that they know if they are in trouble they can come to you for help regardless of what the problem is, even drugs. Pill popping is so popular among kids because the high is not instantly detected like marijuana and alcohol. It is definitely easier to buy pills than beer, you do not have to w ait for the store to open or need a person twenty- one over to purchase them. Pills and money are easily be exchanged by a handshake, at school or other public places without ever being noticed.You do not need a bottle, can, glass, rolling paper, a match or a pipe; all you do is place that one small white pill in your mouth that is it. On the other hand, marijuana and alcohol both have very distinctive smells and are detected almost immediately. However, if he or she has taken prescription drugs you do not usually notice it right away unless their behavior has changed erratically. Although alcohol use maybe down, it remains popular among teens and cannot be taken lightly. Over the years, it has had a devastating impact on teenagers; more than eight young people a day die from fatal car crashes or re fatally injured due to alcohol- related accidents. Because so many households have alcohol, it is easy for children to begin drinking at an early age. The younger the child is when he be gins consuming alcohol the more likely he is to increase his alcohol intake. The more he drinks the greater his chances are of using other drugs in the future, which is why alcohol along with marijuana has always been believed to be a gateway drugs. Parents should beware, more kids are trying whatever they can get their hands on to get high.Isobutyl nitrite is a volatile liquid solid without a prescription for use as a room deodorizer but commonly used as an inhalant to produce a euphoric feeling (Peary & Schwartz, 1986). It causes dizziness, lightheadedness, blurred vision and pounding heart, these symptoms can make them really sick. Nevertheless, kids appear to believe this method of getting high along with experimentation with other drugs is the norm. As this research, progressed, other dangerous drugs were introduced, and now that we have learned more about them and the various ways they are being used; we are better equipped to help fight the war on drugs.Informing the minds of our youth so they can reason more clearly on the subject of alcohol and other drugs is a vitally important way to curtail addiction down the road. Children who never start abusing drugs will never become addicts in need of drug recover. As the government continues its war on drugs, society must begin theirs. This great nation is equipped with a vast amount of resources to assist in this endeavor; therefore, every effort should be made to do whatever is necessary to ensure the youth of today will be around for tomorrow.

Study Questions 4

Lesson 1 (3. 0 points) 1. What is credit? (0. 5 points) The ability to obtain goods or services before payment, based on the trust that payment will be made in the future: â€Å"unlimited credit†. | | | 2. What is a credit score? (0. 5 points) Your credit score is a three-digit number generated by a mathematical algorithm using information in your credit report 3. What is installment credit? (0. 5 points) a loan repaid with interest in equal periodic payments. 4. What is revolving credit? (0. 5 points) Credit that is automatically renewed as debts are paid off. . What is noninstallment credit? (0. 5 points) Non-installment credit refer to a system of credit that is payable in one lump-sum amount by a specified date 6. Name at least one section of a credit report. (0. 5 points) lenders Lesson 2 (3. 0 points) 1. Name at least one of the steps in establishing credit. (0. 5 points) Incorporate your business. 2. Name at least one alternate option to establishing credit if you are u nable to get a credit card yet. (0. 5 points) Get a secured credit card. 3. What is debt services default? 0. 5 points) When an individual, company or sovereign nation borrows money, there are usually legal obligations that have been set out in a debt contract 4. What is the Better Business Bureau? (0. 5 points) A Better Business Bureau (BBB) is a private, nonprofit organization that provides services and programs to assist consumers and businesses 5. What is a debt settlement program? (0. 5 points) is an approach to debt reduction in which the debtor and creditor agree on a reduced balance that will be regarded as payment in full. 1] 6. What is bankruptcy? (0. 5 points) The state of being bankrupt: â€Å"many companies were facing bankruptcy†; â€Å"bankruptcy proceedings†. Lesson 3 (3. 0 points) 1. What is an annual percentage rate? (0. 5 points) the rate, for a payment period, multiplied by the number of payment periods in a year. 2. What is an annual percentage yie ld? (0. 5 points) The effective annual rate of return taking into account the effect of compounding interest. APY is calculated by 3. Name at least one advantage of credit cards. 0. 5 points) Offer free use of funds, provided you always pay your balance in full, on time 4. Name at least one disadvantage of credit cards. (0. 5 points) Cost much more than other forms of credit, such as a line of credit or a personal loan, if you don't pay on time. 5. If you take out a $1,000 loan for college at 7% interest, what is the principal? (0. 5 points) $1000 6. What is a loan? (0. 5 points) A thing that is borrowed, esp. a sum of money that is expected to be paid back with interest.

The Right Prepositions for Geographical Designations

The Right Prepositions for Geographical Designations The Right Prepositions for Geographical Designations The Right Prepositions for Geographical Designations By Mark Nichol The idiomatic idiosyncrasies among references to one’s relationship to geographical or topographical features make selecting the correct preposition a challenge for nonnative speakers, but even those born to English can stumble. This post discusses various classes of phrasing about location. One lives in a town or city, county, state, or nation but on a continent. One writes of one’s residence in a neighborhood or district, but a reference to a side of a city (Chicago’s North Side or New York City’s East Side, for example) is oriented with on. If one lives virtually or literally in the shadow of an imposing natural or artificial edifice, however, one might say that one lives beneath Telegraph Hill or works under the Gateway Arch. If one is referring to some point past one’s current location or another reference point, one might say that the place in question is, for example, below Broadway, even though no change in altitude is involved. In topographical contexts, the preposition depends on the position: One lives in the foothills or in the mountains, even though, presumably, one is not a cave dweller, or in a canyon or valley. But one lives, or stands, on the hillside or mountainside or on the hilltop or the mountaintop or on the valley floor. These distinctions apply to proper names, too: One vacations in the Catskills or backpacks in the Rockies, but one stands on Spyglass Hill (though one can either hike on or up it). One drives on or along a street, road, or highway, but one takes a turn at an intersection or exits at (or onto) an off-ramp. â€Å"In the sea† and â€Å"under the sea† refer to being or traveling beneath the surface of the ocean. However, on, just as on land, is the correct preposition for references to surface travel, though one might also refer to coursing along or over a sea route. One also moves on, along, or over a lake or another body of water, although on also applies to one’s position in reference to a coast, shoreline, or bank, as when visiting friends who live on the ocean, staying at a campsite on a lake, or having a house on a river. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Congratulations on or for?50 Types of PropagandaTypes of Ignorance

How Women Rank in Traditional Female Jobs

How Women Rank in Traditional Female Jobs ​Stereotypes hold true when it comes to the jobs that most women work. Asked to name the traditional careers typically pursued by women, most of us could easily come up with the jobs that employ the most women. Secretaries, nurses, and teachers top the list. Together, these three occupations provide jobs for around 12 percent of all working women. Women in the Workforce Working women are a sizable chunk of the population. According to the U.S. Department of Labor, 70 million women age 16 and over were employed in 2016 in both full- and part-time jobs. Thats nearly 60 percent of the female population. In management, women are making great strides, accounting for nearly 40 percent of managers in the labor force. And yet, in 2014 it was reported that 4.8 percent of all women made an hourly rate at or below the federal minimum wage. Thats almost 1.9 million women. According to the 2015 Women in the Labor Force: A Databook, 5.3 percent of women who are employed work more than one job and 5.3 percent were self-employed. Compare this to 4.5 percent of men with multiple jobs and 7.4 percent who are self-employed. Traditional Occupations of Working Women Looking at the  top ten occupations that employ the most women, together they provide jobs for around 28% of the female workforce.   The following table shows what those occupations are according to a 2008 report and with the updated 2016 statistics for comparison. One thing you might find surprising is the wage gap found in these traditionally female jobs. The average weekly salary earned by women continues to fall behind that of their male colleagues. Occupation 2016 Total Women Employed 2016 % Women Workers 2008 % Women Workers 2016 Average Weekly Salary Secretaries Administrative Assistants 2,595,000 94.6% 96.1% $708(men earn $831) Registered Nurses 2,791,000 90.0% 91.7% $1,143(men earn $1261) Teachers - Elementary Middle School 2,231,000 78.5% 81.2% $981(men earn $1126) Cashiers 2,386,000 73.2% 75.5% $403(men earn $475) Retail Salespersons 1,603,000 48.4% 52.2% $514(men earn $730) Nursing, Psychatric, Home Health Aides 1,813,000 88.1% 88.7% $498 (men earn $534) First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers 1,447,000 44.1% 43.4% $630(men earn $857) Wait Staff ( waitresses) 1,459,000 70.0% 73.2% $441(men earn $504) Receptionists Information Clerks 1,199,000 90.1% 93.6% $581(men earn$600) Bookkeeping, Accounting Auditing Clerks 1,006,000 88.5% 91.4% $716(men earn $790) What Does the Future Hold? The change in the demographics of Americas labor force is changing slowly, but according to the U.S. Department of Labor, its significant. It is projected that we will see a slowdown in growth and at the same time women will continue to make gains.   In the 2002 report A Century of Change: The U.S. Labor Force, 1950-2050,   the Department of Labor notes that women have increased their numbers at an extremely rapid pace in the past 50 years. It anticipates that growth to slow down from the 2.6 percent seen from 1950 to 2000 to 0.7 percent from 2000 to 2050. While that report projects women making up 48 percent of the workforce in 2050, in 2016 were sitting at 46.9 percent. If women continue to progress at even the projected 0.7 percent rate, we will have topped that 48 percent by 2020, 30 years earlier than projected just 16 years prior. The future for working women looks bright and the prospects reach far beyond the traditional jobs for women. Source Employed persons by detailed occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. 2016. Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex. 2016.  Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.20 Leading Occupations of Employed Women: 2008 Annual Averages. 2009. Womens Bureau, U.S. Department of Labor.

The effects of global recession on local economies Essay

The effects of global recession on local economies - Essay Example Multinational and international industries, local industries, government establishments and the consumers themselves are all affected by the changes in the economic standing of the country. Global recession has a great impact on the value of local and international currencies, generally affecting end-users and households. In effect, the buying capability of the consumers goes down. And because of how global recession significantly impacts consumers and local economies, I want to delve deeper into these effects. This paper will discuss the different areas of the local economy such as employment, investment spending, profit and capacity utilization. This will enable us to understand and demonstrate how local economies are able to survive or not. This paper also aims to compare and contrast the different theories associated with recession, like the neoclassical perspective and the Keynesian perspective, and how applicable it is on explaining the effects of global recession on local economies. To know the effects on the local economies at the present time, I will look at the volume of production and service of local companies in contrast to the demands of the market, the unemployment and employment rate and the success or failure of investment projects in contrast to the fluctuations of the value of the local